009B Sample Midterm 1, Problem 5 Detailed Solution

Evaluate the integral:

$\int \sin ^{3}x\cos ^{2}x~dx$

Background Information:
1. Recall the trig identity
Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle \sin ^{2}x+\cos ^{2}x=1}
2. How would you integrate  $\int \sin ^{2}x\cos x~dx?$
You can use  $u$-substitution.
Let  Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle u=\sin x.}
Then,  $du=\cos x~dx.$
Thus,
${\begin{array}{rcl}\displaystyle {\int \sin ^{2}x\cos x~dx}&=&\displaystyle {\int u^{2}~du}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {{\frac {u^{3}}{3}}+C}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {{\frac {\sin ^{3}x}{3}}+C.}\end{array}}$

Solution:

Step 1:
First, we write
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int\sin^3x\cos^2x~dx=\int (\sin x) \sin^2x\cos^2x~dx.}
Using the identity  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \sin^2x+\cos^2x=1,}
we get
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \sin^2x=1-\cos^2x.}
If we use this identity, we have
${\begin{array}{rcl}\displaystyle {\int \sin ^{3}x\cos ^{2}x~dx}&=&\displaystyle {\int (\sin x)(1-\cos ^{2}x)\cos ^{2}x~dx}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {\int (\cos ^{2}x-\cos ^{4}x)\sin(x)~dx.}\end{array}}$

Step 2:
Now, we use  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle u} -substitution.
Let  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle u=\cos(x).}
Then,  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle du=-\sin(x)dx.}
Therefore,
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{\int\sin^3x\cos^2x~dx} & = & \displaystyle{\int -(u^2-u^4)~du}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{-u^3}{3}+\frac{u^5}{5}+C}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{\cos^5x}{5}-\frac{\cos^3x}{3}+C.} \end{array}}

Final Answer:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{\cos^5x}{5}-\frac{\cos^3x}{3}+C}

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